A quick scan of any recent headline would reveal that humans live in a highly stressed world, full of violence, terror and hate. Sometimes, it’s a wonder we can go on with our lives at all. (If that feels like you, see this recent piece about How to Cope When the World Feels Like Total Chaos.)
“There is a drive to cope and to survive,” says Rajita Sinha, director of the Yale Stress Center and lead author of a new study published in the journal Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. Yet we all respond to stress differently, and some of us are more resilient than others.
The researchers later asked people about some of the ways they cope with stress, including alcohol intake, eating behaviors, and how often they get into arguments.
During stress, the researchers saw something interesting happening in one particular area of the brain: the ventral medial prefrontal cortex, a region involved in emotional regulation and detecting one’s own internal state, like hunger, craving and wanting. People who had more neuroflexibility and neuroplasticity in this region were also likely to be binge drinkers and emotional eaters, and they were less likely to respond to stress in an emotionally destructive way, Sinha says. “The greater the magnitude of the change in the neural signal, the more active copers they were,” she says. The results suggest that this part of the prefrontal cortex is involved in wresting back control during times of stress—a key aspect to resilience.
More research is needed to see how to increase flexibility in this region, but Sinha believes theirs is a first step in understanding resilience. “We have a natural circuitry to try to regain control and to be resilient,” Sinha says. “I think it’s tied to the survival processes that are hardwired, and this is what we’re tapping into.”
