گذشتہ برسوں کی نسبت کولوریکٹل یا بڑی آنت کے کینسر کے کیسوں میں اضافہ ہو رہا ہے۔ جہاں کچھ ماہرین اسے ’خطرناک‘ اور ’پریشان کن‘ کہہ رہے ہیں وہیں دیگر کے نزدیک اس معاملے پر ایک ’عالمی الرٹ‘ جاری کرنے…
A cyst is a closed capsule or sac-like structure, typically filled with liquid, semisolid or gaseous material – very much like a blister. Cysts occur within tissue, and can affect any part of the body. They vary in size from…
Addison’s disease (also known as chronic adrenal insufficiency, hypocortisolism or hypocorticism) is a rare endocrine disorder in which the adrenal gland produces insufficient amounts of steroid hormones (glucocorticoids and often mineralocorticoids). It may develop in children as well as adults,…
Acromegaly (from Greek akros “extreme” or “extremities” and megalos “large” – extremities enlargement) is a syndrome that results when the pituitary gland produces excess growth hormone (hGH) after epiphyseal plate closure. A number of disorders may be affecting the pituitary…
Hypothyroidism is the disease state in humans and animals caused by insufficient production of thyroid hormone by the thyroid gland. Cretinism is a form of hypothyroidism found in infants. Causes of Hypothyroidism About three percent of the general population is…
Graves’ disease is a thyroid disorder characterized by goitre, exophthalmos, and hyperthyroidism. It is caused by an antibody-mediated auto-immune reaction as to form anti-TSH-Receptor antibody. However, the trigger for this reaction is still unknown. It is the most common cause…
A goitre (BrE), or goiter (AmE) (Latin struma), also called a bronchocele, is a swelling in the neck (just below the Adam’s apple or larynx) due to an enlarged thyroid gland. Classification of Goitre They are classified in different ways:…
Diabetes insipidus (DI) is a condition characterized by excretion of large amounts of severely diluted urine, which cannot be reduced when fluid intake is reduced. It denotes inability of the kidney to concentrate urine. DI is caused by a deficiency…